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	<title>NFS Client &#8211; 21點情報網</title>
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		<title>Red Hat 7/CentOS 7/Oracle Linux 7安裝 NFS Server</title>
		<link>https://ailog.tw/lifelog/2021/08/07/linux-nfs-server/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[blackjack]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 07 Aug 2021 15:43:44 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[3C資訊]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[centos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NFS Client]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NFS Server]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oracle Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Red Hat]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ailog.tw/lifelog/?p=10587</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[NFS是一套歷史悠久的網路分享協定，無論你在NAS設備、Nutanix HCI超融合架構、VMware三層式架 &#8230; <p class="link-more"><a href="https://ailog.tw/lifelog/2021/08/07/linux-nfs-server/" class="more-link">閱讀全文<span class="screen-reader-text">〈Red Hat 7/CentOS 7/Oracle Linux 7安裝 NFS Server〉</span></a></p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">NFS是一套歷史悠久的網路分享協定，無論你在NAS設備、Nutanix HCI超融合架構、VMware三層式架構中都很常見到NFS分享的網路硬碟空間，小編今天就要來介紹如何在Red Hat 7/CentOS 7/Oracle Linux 7 等系統平台上架測NFS Server。<span id="more-10587"></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">範例環境介紹：</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">01、Linux作業系統為Oracle Linux 7.9<br />
02、NFS Server安裝<br />
03、NFS Client掛載</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">NFS Server安裝步驟：</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">01、安裝套件</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">指令：</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">yum install nfs-utils</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-10589 size-full" src="https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-01.png" alt="" width="444" height="211" srcset="https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-01.png 444w, https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-01-300x143.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 444px) 100vw, 444px" /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">02、設定分享的目錄</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">指令：</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">vi /etc/exports</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-10590 size-full" src="https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-02.png" alt="" width="389" height="65" srcset="https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-02.png 389w, https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-02-300x50.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px" /></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">檔案設定內容如下：</span></p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="691"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">/mnt/hds1n 192.168.5.238(rw,sync,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">/mnt/hds2n 192.168.5.238(rw,sync,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">/mnt/hds3n 192.168.5.238(rw,sync,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">/mnt/hds4n 192.168.5.238(rw,sync,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-10595 size-full" src="https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-03.png" alt="" width="748" height="105" srcset="https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-03.png 748w, https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-03-300x42.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 706px) 89vw, (max-width: 767px) 82vw, 740px" /></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">參數說明：</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">/mnt/hds1n = 分享的目錄</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">192.168.5.238 = 那一個IP或網段(192.168.5.0/24)可以來存取，如果輸入「*」代表不限制來源</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">rw = 代表可以透過網路來讀寫該分享的目錄，唯讀則設定「ro」</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">sync = 同步寫入到記憶體與硬碟中，async則暫存在記憶體中</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">no_root_squash = 可以使用 root 權限存取</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">no_all_squash = 不指定連線使用者的UDI跟GID</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">如果一個目錄要分享給不同網段或不同權限可以這樣設定</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">檔案設定內容如下：</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">本情境是將「mnt/hds1n」分享給「10.1.1.111」且具有寫入權限，分享給「192.168.224.32」採用唯獨的權限</span></p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="691"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">/mnt/hds1n 10.1.1.111(rw,no_root_squash) 192.168.224.32(ro,no_root_squash)</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-10831 size-full" src="https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-05.png" alt="" width="824" height="54" srcset="https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-05.png 824w, https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-05-300x20.png 300w, https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-05-768x50.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px" /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">03、啟動服務</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">指令：</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">systemctl enable rpcbind</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">systemctl enable nfs-server</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">systemctl enable nfs-lock</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">systemctl enable nfs-idmap</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">systemctl start rpcbind</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">systemctl start nfs-server</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">systemctl start nfs-lock</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">systemctl start nfs-idmap</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-10596 size-full" src="https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-04.png" alt="" width="506" height="224" srcset="https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-04.png 506w, https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-04-300x133.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px" /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">04、重新啟動NFS服務</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">指令：</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">systemctl restart nfs</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">05、檢視Srever本機分享的目錄</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">指令：</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">showmount -e 127.0.0.1</span><br />
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-10840 size-full" src="https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-06-e1630815437366.png" alt="" width="490" height="95" srcset="https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-06-e1630815437366.png 490w, https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-06-e1630815437366-300x58.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px" /></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">06、變更設定後重新套用NFS設定</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">指令：</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">exportfs -r<br />
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-10834 size-full" src="https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-07.png" alt="" width="332" height="61" srcset="https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-07.png 332w, https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-07-300x55.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 332px) 100vw, 332px" /><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">[NFS Client連線步驟]</span></strong><br />
01、Client查看NFS Server所分享的資料夾</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">指令：</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">showmount -e 192.168.224.33</span><br />
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-10835 size-full" src="https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-08.png" alt="" width="563" height="118" srcset="https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-08.png 563w, https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-08-300x63.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 563px) 100vw, 563px" /><br />
備註說明：「<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">192.168.224.33</span>」為NFS Sever的IP</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">02、Client掛載NFS Server所分享的資料夾</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">指令：</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">mount -t nfs 192.168.224.33:/rman-disk/rmanhdd /orabak2<br />
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-10836 size-full" src="https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-09.png" alt="" width="888" height="70" srcset="https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-09.png 888w, https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-09-300x24.png 300w, https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-09-768x61.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px" /><br />
備註說明：掛載前請先記得建立目的地的目錄，本範例掛載目錄為「/orabak2」，就得在掛載前輸入建立目錄指令「mkdir /orabak2」</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">掛載完畢記得檢查一下掛載狀況：</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">指令：<br />
df -h</span><br />
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-10837 size-full" src="https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-10.png" alt="" width="861" height="298" srcset="https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-10.png 861w, https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-10-300x104.png 300w, https://ailog.tw/lifelog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/linux-nfs-server-10-768x266.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px" /></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">03、加速NFS傳輸能力</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">範例語法：</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">mount -t nfs -o nosuid,noexec,nodev,rw -o bg,soft,rsize=1048600,wsize=1048600 192.168.224.33:/rman-disk/rmanhdd /orabak2</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;"><br />
參數說明：</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">suid：使用SUID的功能，該參數為預設值。</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">nosuid：不使用SUID的功能。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">rw：採用可寫入式掛載硬碟，該參數為預設值。</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">ro：採用唯讀模式掛載硬碟。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">dev：在檔案系統上阻擋特殊設備，該參數為預設值。</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">nodev：不在檔案系統上阻擋特殊設備。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">exec：具有執行binaries檔案權限，該參數為預設值。</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">noexec：不具有執行binaries檔案權限。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">fg：在前景進行掛載硬碟動作，並會持續嘗試掛載直到掛載成功或time out，該參數為預設值。</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">bg：在背景進行掛載硬碟動作，不會影響程序操作，如網路不穩定或常開關機建議採用該設定值。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">hard：當Server或Client中有任何一端離線，RPC會持續嘗試連線直到恢復連線為止，該參數為預設值。</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">soft：當任何一端離線，RPC會在time out後才重新嘗試連線，而並非持續嘗試連線，如果系統會常開關機建議採用該設定值。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">rsize：讀出區塊大小(block size)，該參數影響傳輸資料的緩衝記憶容量，如果Server跟Client端都具有足夠的記憶體，可以加大這個參數值，提升傳輸效率，但最大值不可超過網路的傳輸能力上限，預設值為1024。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;">wsize：寫入區塊大小(block size)，該參數影響傳輸資料的緩衝記憶容量，如果Server跟Client端都具有足夠的記憶體，可以加大這個參數值，提升傳輸效率，但最大值不可超過網路的傳輸能力上限，預設值為1024。</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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